A look a New Zealand
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7927461.stm
Page last updated at 00:34 GMT, Tuesday, 17 March 2009
Selling sex legally in New Zealand
In terms of attitudes towards prostitution, New Zealand and Europe
are almost as diametrically opposed as they are in geography. Kiwis
have opted for wholesale liberalisation of the sex trade, while
Europeans are increasingly restricting it.
Does the New Zealand liberal approach provide a model or a warning?
Henri Astier looks at its prostitution industry six years after
decriminalisation, in the first of two articles.
When "Sophie", a medical worker from Christchurch, fell behind on her
mortgage payments last year, she found that her job was not paying
enough. Her only option was a temporary career change: she became a
prostitute.
"I needed money fast so I didn't lose my house," she explains.
A soft-spoken 30-something with a shy smile, Sophie does not look
like the stereotypical scarlet woman, even in the low-cut dress she
wears at work.
She does not feel like one either. "I don't drink. I don't smoke. I
don't do drugs. I'm a vegetarian," she says, adding that she had
qualms about her new job.
But the city centre parlour she joined - basically a pub with a
sitting area at the front and bedrooms at the back - was not the drug-
fuelled dive she had imagined.
"All the women here are lovely," she says. "We spend a lot of time
sitting and talking. I'll stick it out a bit longer."
Good money
Some might question the morality of Sophie's choice, but legally it
cannot be faulted.
Since the Prostitution Reform Act of 2003, brothels have been allowed
to operate more or less freely.
Sex workers have the same rights as everyone else. In the eyes of New
Zealand's law, the oldest profession is just like any other.
This policy stands in marked contrast to Europe. In 1999 Sweden
criminalised the purchase of sex services, and several countries are
introducing similar laws in an attempt to combat trafficking.
Ask New Zealand sex workers what they think of Swedish-style
strictures, and the response is overwhelmingly negative.
"Whether you're prosecuting the men or the girls, you're still
prosecuting the business," says "Lucy", 23, from Wellington.
Lucy works in Bon Ton, an exclusive establishment in the capital
where an hour-long session costs NZ$400 (£140; $200). She says the
reform has given her the opportunity to work for a legitimate
business in a safe environment.
"I make twice what I was earning in retail. I am appreciated by
customers and my boss. I can work whenever I want to - it's by far
the most gratifying work I've ever had," she says.
Legal rights
Lucy's manager, Sarah, also believes criminalising clients would be a
disaster for the industry and put the girls at risk.
"This would scare away the quality customers," she says. "We would be
left with the dangerous sort. The nasty men won't go away."
Bon Ton - which thrives on "quality customers" like lawyers and civil
servants - certainly looks like an ideal showcase for New Zealand-
style liberalisation.
The bedrooms look like luxury suites, the upstairs office looks like
- well... an office, and the workers say they are treated with respect.
Sarah insists she has zero tolerance for abuse and will back the
girls even if they refuse a client. "I can't force a woman to have
sex," she says.
As she speaks another girl appears at the door, draped in a towel.
"Myah" looks at the work ahead, and realises that a client who often
insists on having oral sex without a condom wants to see her.
"I don't want him," Myah says. "No problem," Sarah replies. "I'll
tell him you're not available."
NZ PROSTITUTION REFORM ACT
*Brothels allowed to operate
*Up to four prostitutes can set up collective as equal partners
*Advertising sale of sex legalised
*Brothels require certificate and registration by court
*Sex work subject to normal employment and health and safety standards
Myah is not afraid to turn down work. Her health is at stake, and the
law requires a condom for any commercial sex act. "It is my legal
right to make that demand," she says.
But are the benefits from legalisation confined to high-end
businesses like Bon Ton?
According to Catherine Healy of the New Zealand Prostitutes
Collective (NZPC), better and safer working practices are now the norm.
Across the industry, she says, women are now aware of their rights
and exploitative brothel owners are becoming marginalised as a result
of the reform.
"Sex workers say: I can work across town," she says. "The dynamic has
altered."
Anna Reed, who was a sex worker in Christchurch for 23 years and is
now NZPC's local spokesperson, agrees that exploitative practices
have become rare.
"Owners used to demand huge fines for being late. They used to hire
and fire workers without reason." But now, she says, "girls feel more
able to stand up for themselves".
Limited change
Another key benefit of decriminalisation, according to Ms Healy, is a
sea change in relations with the police: "If you're the one
committing a crime, you won't ask the police for help."
Now, Ms Healy says, the girls find law enforcement officials are on
their side.
This idea was borne out by a parliamentary report last year, which
gave a positive assessment of the reform. It said prostitutes were
more likely to report violence to police, and officers were treating
their complaints seriously.
Some brothel operators, however, are not so sure the reform has made
a big difference.
Bon Ton owner Jennifer - who got into the sex business after
decriminalisation - says some old-style establishments are still
exploiting people. "This is still an industry in transition," she says.
Monique, who ran brothels before 2003 and now owns Capri, a
"Gentleman's club and garden bar" in Christchurch, also plays down
the impact of the reform - but for the opposite reason.
She says relations with police were good even when bordellos operated
illegally. And then, as now, exploitation of girls was never
widespread, Monique adds.
"We now have a fat, legal agreement with the workers but they are
treated the same."
Suspicions
A sure sign that New Zealand's sex trade has not been entirely
revolutionised is that society still frowns on it.
Last year a teacher was sacked when it was learnt that she
occasionally - and perfectly legally - moonlighted as a prostitute.
Many sex workers keep a regular part-time job to avoid leaving
suspicious gaps on their CVs.
They tell only trusted friends about their main activity. None of the
working prostitutes and madams interviewed for this report was ready
to give their real names.
Brothels may be legal but most New Zealanders prefer not to live next
to one.
Bon Ton never mentions an address in its adverts - only a phone
number. In Christchurch operators had to fight a proposed zoning law
that would have kept them out of most areas.
But the overwhelming majority in the business feels huge progress was
made when the industry emerged from the shadow.
Anna Reed says she loved working as a prostitute - "I had sex, money
and men!" - and resents enduring cliches about a job no-one in her
right mind could willingly embrace.
"We get so pissed off when politicians portray us as victims," she says.
"It's important to blow down the stereotypes about sex workers -
particularly that of the poor girl who is coerced into doing it."