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rumpleforeskiin

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How Donald Trump appeals to men secretly insecure about their manhood

Interesting piece in the Post today:

"By Eric Knowles and
Sarah DiMuccio November 29 at 6:00 AM
From boasting about the size of his penis on national television to releasing records of his high testosterone levels, President Trump’s rhetoric and behavior exude machismo. His behavior also seems to have struck a chord with some male voters. See, for example, the “Donald Trump: Finally Someone With Balls” T-shirts common at Trump rallies.

But our research suggests that Trump is not necessarily attracting male supporters who are as confidently masculine as the president presents himself to be. Instead, Trump appears to appeal more to men who are secretly insecure about their manhood. We call this the “fragile masculinity hypothesis.” Here is some of our evidence.

What is ‘fragile masculinity’?

Research shows that many men feel pressure to look and behave in stereotypically masculine ways — or risk losing their status as “real men.” Masculine expectations are socialized from early childhood and can motivate men to embrace traditional male behaviors while avoiding even the hint of femininity. This unforgiving standard of maleness makes some men worry that they’re falling short. These men are said to experience “fragile masculinity.”

The political process provides a way that fragile men can reaffirm their masculinity. By supporting tough politicians and policies, men can reassure others (and themselves) of their own manliness. For example, sociologist Robb Willer has shown that men whose sense of masculinity was threatened increased their support for aggressive foreign policy.

We wanted to see whether fragile masculinity was associated with how Americans vote — and specifically whether it was associated with greater support for Trump in the 2016 general election and for Republicans in the 2018 midterm elections.

How we measured fragile masculinity

Measuring fragile masculinity poses a challenge. We could not simply do a poll of men, who might not honestly answer questions about their deepest insecurities. Instead we relied on Google Trends, which measures the popularity of Google search terms. As Seth Stephens-Davidowitz has argued, people are often at their least guarded when they seek answers from the Internet. Researchers have already used Google search patterns to estimate levels of racial prejudice in different parts of the country. We sought to do the same with fragile masculinity.

We began by selecting a set of search topics that we believed might be especially common among men concerned about living up to the ideals of manhood: “erectile dysfunction,” “hair loss,” “how to get girls,” “penis enlargement,” “penis size,” “steroids,” “testosterone” and “Viagra.” (With the exception of “how to get girls,” these are Google “topics” rather than individual search terms. For instance, the topic “erectile dysfunction” includes searches for “erectile dysfunction,” “ED” and “impotence.”)

To validate this list of topics, we asked a sample of 300 men on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform whether they ever had or ever would search for them online. We found that scoring high on a questionnaire measuring “masculine gender-role discrepancy stress” — concern that they aren’t as manly as their male friends — was strongly associated with interest in these search topics. Although these men were not a representative sample of American men, their responses suggest that these search terms are a valid way to capture fragile masculinity.

How fragile masculinity was related to voting behavior

We measured the popularity of these search topics in every media market in the country during the years preceding the past three presidential elections. In the map below, darker colors show where these searches were most prevalent in 2016.

We found that support for Trump in the 2016 election was higher in areas that had more searches for topics such as “erectile dysfunction.” Moreover, this relationship persisted after accounting for demographic attributes in media markets, such as education levels and racial composition, as well as searches for topics unrelated to fragile masculinity, such as “breast augmentation” and “menopause.”

In contrast, fragile masculinity was not associated with support for Mitt Romney in 2012 or support for John McCain in 2008 — suggesting that the correlation of fragile masculinity and voting in presidential elections was distinctively stronger in 2016.

The same finding emerged in 2018. We estimated levels of fragile masculinity in every U.S. congressional district based on levels in the media markets with which districts overlap. Before the election, we preregistered our expectations, including the other factors that we would account for.

In the more than 390 House elections pitting a Republican candidate against a Democratic candidate, support for the Republican candidate was higher in districts that, based on Google search data, had higher levels of fragile masculinity. However, there was no significant relationship between fragile masculinity and voting in the 2014 or 2016 congressional elections. This suggests that fragile masculinity has now become a stronger predictor of voting behavior.

Notably, fragile masculinity was unrelated to support for female candidates in the 2018 elections, once we accounted for the fact that female candidates are more likely to be Democrats than Republicans. It therefore appears that fragile masculinity doesn’t reduce support for female candidates but rather increases support for Republican candidates of any gender.

Here’s the takeaway

Our data suggests that fragile masculinity is a critical feature of our current politics. Nonetheless, points of caution are in order.

First, the research reported here is correlational. We can’t be entirely sure that fragile masculinity is causing people to vote in a certain way. However, given that experimental work has identified a causal connection between masculinity concerns and political beliefs, we think the correlations we’ve identified are important.

Second, it remains to be seen whether any link between fragile masculinity and voting will persist after Trump exits the national stage. We suspect, however, that Trump’s re-engineering of the GOP as a party inextricably tied to many Americans’ identity concerns — whether based on race, religion or gender — will ensure that fragile masculinity remains a force in politics.

Eric Knowles is a social psychologist at New York University who studies the influence of group identities on political attitudes and behavior.

Sarah DiMuccio is a doctoral student in psychology at New York University whose research examines the role of masculinity in social and political behavior.
 

sambuca

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Sep 9, 2015
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Does this really pass for academic research with high integrity these days? It would be nice if some Trump haters would out of principle speak up against such academic and journalistic trash.
 

jalimon

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Dec 28, 2015
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No at all Sambca I found it absolutely fascinating article!

"How fragile masculinity was related to voting behavior"

Especially in the era of metoo don't you find it a absolute great topic? I always tough america would never elected a black... They did. Always tough too that america would never elect a women. They have not yet (The only time they had a chance it was Hillary.. She still had more votes but she had way too many ghost behind her back to be elected...). I think both of my assumption were somehow related to fragile masculinity in some way. It has to be. It is in any company we work in so it must be for our voting pattern! Men that lack confidence in themselves tend to have very strong ego...

Cheers,
 

rumpleforeskiin

It's a whole new ballgame
Jan 20, 2007
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Does this really pass for academic research with high integrity these days? It would be nice if some Trump haters would out of principle speak up against such academic and journalistic trash.
Hoo boy. Someone's a bit touchy. A little close to home?
 

Doc Holliday

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Sep 27, 2003
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Nice seeing the murderous Russian gangster Vlady Putin high-fiving Saudi murdering prick MBS at the summit today. They were all chuckles & congratulating one another on their recent murdering spree where they seemingly got off scot-free and even had the so-called 'president of the United States' covering for them & spinning blame away from them.

Oh yeah.....George H.W. Bush R.I.P.
 

Carmine Falcone

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Feb 11, 2017
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Oh yeah.....George H.W. Bush R.I.P.

This had me searching the news like he died or something. He isn't long for this world anyway. The last sane Republican on the national stage. At this point, I'd even take his son back. I was certain George W was going to be the worst President in my lifetime. But like Drew Brees, Republicans keep breaking their own record for clueless dumbfucks to run a country. Dubya had morals, at least.

Edit: he's dead.
 

Valcazar

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Mar 6, 2013
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That "fragile masculinity" study seems very silly. (I have seen some attempts to look at voting patterns and search engine results before, none have looked too valid to me, but I am still willing to be convinced.)

Bush Sr. was probably the least bad Republican president in my lifetime.

@Doc Holliday - That high five was something else. I think they are just really happy that they get to be so open about things with the USA so weak these days.

@sambuca - Yes, it was a cynical ploy to hype the caravan. It wasn't a threat to security it still isn't. It isn't infested with disease and criminals and secret middle easterners. It didn't need an entire brigade sent to the border with permission to use lethal force. Nothing has changed. Did I expect the troops to be pulled back immediately and we would never hear about it again? Yes. Did they instead decide to tear gas civilians? Yes. So more cynical than I thought, since I guess they still think the bullshit works on some of their followers. You are right in that I really did think they would just completely abandon the storyline (which they did for about a week) and they didn't. Too many bad news stories from the Russia investigation, I guess.
 

sambuca

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Sep 9, 2015
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This had me searching the news like he died or something. He isn't long for this world anyway. The last sane Republican on the national stage. At this point, I'd even take his son back. I was certain George W was going to be the worst President in my lifetime. But like Drew Brees, Republicans keep breaking their own record for clueless dumbfucks to run a country. Dubya had morals, at least.

Edit: he's dead.

And this just in Generalissimo Francisco Franco is still dead.
 

sambuca

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Sep 9, 2015
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"How fragile masculinity was related to voting behavior"

Especially in the era of metoo don't you find it a absolute great topic? I always tough america would never elected a black... They did. Always tough too that america would never elect a women.

Hmmm excusez-moi Monsieur Jalimon, but the general electorate of Canada has never elected a party headed by a woman. Out of curiosity, I went and checked the Premiers of Quebec and one women Pauline Marois won the Premiership with a whopping 31.95% of the vote.

So what's good for the fragile masculine American gander should be good for the Canadian goose. Tu ne crois pas?
 

sambuca

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Sep 9, 2015
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@sambuca - Yes, it was a cynical ploy to hype the caravan. It wasn't a threat to security it still isn't. It isn't infested with disease and criminals and secret middle easterners. It didn't need an entire brigade sent to the border with permission to use lethal force. Nothing has changed.

I suspect you and I will never agree on immigration, but neither do I think we will see fair, unbiased reporting on the matter. It's become an all too important wedge issue. It's funny how you and I can debate 5,000 (or whatever number) immigrants crossing the border like it's a normal thing and perpetuating the status quo that it's normal and should be allowed to continue. One can also surmise that these caravans are not organic and are organized by U.S. operatives with political motives.

Immigration as it is Trump's signature issue is similar to Obamacare. The Democrats don't want to give an inch on this issue when our broken immigration system seems to have been discussed for several years. This is similar to healthcare. We know it's a problem, but the Republicans wanted to campaign on the issue rather than try to help fix it during Obama's tenure.

By the way, mocking the criminal element is a rhetorical device. We know drug gang members are crossing the border. That is a fact that the Democrats have to try to dismiss. Border Patrol agents arrested a tattooed MS-13 gang member in one of the caravans this week. Guess what? New, young gang members aren't getting tattoos demarcating their gang allegiance. So actually, I guess that solves the foreign gang problem. No tattoos, no problem.
 

jalimon

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Dec 28, 2015
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Hmmm excusez-moi Monsieur Jalimon, but the general electorate of Canada has never elected a party headed by a woman. Out of curiosity, I went and checked the Premiers of Quebec and one women Pauline Marois won the Premiership with a whopping 31.95% of the vote.

So what's good for the fragile masculine American gander should be good for the Canadian goose. Tu ne crois pas?

Well Sambuca we did in Quebec elected, for the first time, a women as prime minister. Frankly we are hundred years ahead of you guys in the US regarding equity versus women. While at the same time being much more liberal which allow us to have such a great hobby scene wouhou!!

Back to subject I did found the subject interesting because guys like Trump fascinate me. Guys like him think they are good at everything including pleasing women. Which is very easy to figure that's not the case. Fuck men I had women quite easily all my life and I have the guts to say I am not good at pleasing them. So much dudes are way better then me. And that is cool. So I am really interested by the position of how the people who vote got influenced by their fragile masculinity!

Cheers,
 

sambuca

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Sep 9, 2015
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Jalimon, I believe the correct response is that you elected Justin Trudeau. He oozes sensitivity.
 

jalimon

I am addicted member
Dec 28, 2015
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Sambuca you are diverting the subject. Are you one of those guys who think they are king in bed and will achieve 10 orgasm per night to any women? Or can you acknowledge that it's not that important to women and that they will dig men that respect them first?

Cheers,
 

sambuca

Active Member
Sep 9, 2015
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"How fragile masculinity was related to voting behavior"

Always tough too that america would never elect a women. They have not yet (The only time they had a chance it was Hillary.. She still had more votes but she had way too many ghost behind her back to be elected...). I think both of my assumption were somehow related to fragile masculinity in some way. It has to be.

I believe above was your point. Overzealous in your opinions of America while ignoring your own history.
 

Sol Tee Nutz

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Apr 29, 2012
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Look behind you.
Canada has elected one female PM and she did not last more than 5 months, nothing to brag about. No female has ran since.
 

Doc Holliday

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Watching the George HW Bush coverage this weekend made me wonder if anyone of value will be attending Donald Trump's funeral a few years from now? I'm guessing that it will be the smallest attended State funeral in the history of modern times!
 

sambuca

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Sep 9, 2015
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Doc, you're so critical. There'll be an army of middle-aged ex-wives, mistresses, porn stars and other miscellaneous babes in attendance.
 

jalimon

I am addicted member
Dec 28, 2015
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Not true doc... Many many will attend to see by themselves that this ass hole is finally dead :)
 

Doc Holliday

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Trump is one of the rare American heads of State whose death will be celebrated around the world instead of past Presidents whose lives were celebrated upon their passing. The history books will show Donald Trump as being a irrational, corrupt & criminal President who shamed the office of the President & the country. It will take decades to repair the damage he will have made.
 

jalimon

I am addicted member
Dec 28, 2015
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I agree with you doc. The shit will hit the fan the day details about his taxes will be known. He'd be better dead by then ;)

Cheers,
 
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